CRaTER Cosmic Ray Telescope

Journal Articles

2020 Articles

Rahmanifard, F., de Wet, W. C., Schwadron, N. A., Owens, M. J., Jordan, A. P., Wilson, J. K., Joyce, C. J., Spence, H. E., Smith, C. W., Townsend, L. W. (2020), Galactic cosmic radiation in the interplanetary space through a modern secular minimum, Space Weather, 18, e2019SW002428. doi:10.1029/2019SW002428
Townsend, L.W., Space Weather on the Moon, Physics Today, 73, 66, 2020, doi:10.1063/PT.3.4438
de Wet, W. C., Slaba, T. C., Rahmanifard, F., Wilson, J. K., Jordan, A. P., Townsend, L. W., Schwadron, N. A., and Spence, H. E., CRaTER observations and permissible mission duration for human operations in deep space, Life Sciences and Space Research, 26, 149, 2020
Wilson, J. K., Spence, H. E., Schwadron, N. A., Case, A. W., Looper, M. D., Jordan, A. P., de Wet, W., and Kasper, J., Precise Detections of Solar Particle Events and a New View of the Moon, Geophysical Research Letters, 47, e85522, 2020, doi:10.1029/2019GL085522
Zaman, F., Townsend, L. W., de Wet, W. C., Schwadron, N. A., Spence, H. E., Wilson, J. K., Jordan, A. P., Smith, S. S., and Looper, M. D., Absorbed doses from GCR and albedo particles emitted by the lunar surface, Acta Astronautica, 175, 185, 2020

2019 Articles

Banjac, S., Berger, L., Burmeister, S., Guo, J., Heber, B., Herbst, K., & Wimmer-Schweingruber, R., Galactic Cosmic Ray induced absorbed dose rate in deep space - Accounting for detector size, shape, material, as well as for the solar modulation, Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 9, A14, 2019, doi:10.1051/swsc/2019014
Jordan, A. P., T. J. Stubbs, M. Shusterman, N. R. Izenberg, J. K.Wilson, P. Hayne, N. A. Schwadron, and H. E. Spence, How dielectric breakdown may contribute to the global weathering of regolith on the Moon, Icarus, 219, 785-794, 2019, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.10.025
Shelton, C. T., & Junkins, J. L., Probability of collision between space objects including model uncertainty, Acta Astronautica, 155, 462, 2019
Sohn, J., Oh, S., Yi, Y., and Lee, J., Cosmic Ray Enhancements in Lunar Radiation Environment Observed by CRaTER on the LRO, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 74, 614–625 (2019). doi:10.3938/jkps.74.614
Sohn, J., Oh, S., Yi, Y., and Lee, J., Forbush decrease in lunar space environment observed by CRaTER on the LRO, Astrophys Space Sci, 364, 125 (2019), doi:10.1007/s10509-019-3614-0
Zeitlin, C., Schwadron, N. A., Spence, H. E., Jordan, A. P., Looper, M. D., Wilson, J., Mazur, J. E., & Townsend, L. W. (2019), Update on galactic cosmic ray integral flux measurements in lunar orbit with CRaTER, Space Weather, 17, 1011– 1017, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019SW002223

2018 Articles

Jordan, A. P., Stubbs, T. J., Wilson, J. K., Schwadron, N. A., and Spence, H. E. (2018), The possible contribution of dielectric breakdown to space weathering on Phobos, Advances in Space Research, 62, 2187, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2018.01.029.
Schwadron, N. A., Rahmanifard, F., Wilson, J., Jordan, A. P., Spence, H. E., Joyce, C. J., et al. (2018). Update on the worsening particle radiation environment observed by CRaTER and implications for future human deep‐space exploration, Space Weather, 16, 289– 303, doi:10.1002/2017SW001803.
Schwadron, N. A., Wilson, J. K., Jordan, A. P., Looper, M. D., Zeitlin, C., Townsend, L. W., Spence, H. E., Legere, J., Bloser, P., Farrell, W. M., Hurley, D., Petro, N., Subbs, T. J. and Pieters, C., Using Proton Radiation from the Moon to Search for Diurnal Variation of Regolith Hydrogenation, Planetary and Space Science, 162, 113, 2018, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2017.09.012
Winslow, R. M., Schwadron, N. A., Lugaz, N., Guo, J. Joyce, C. J., Jordan, A. P., Wilson, J. K., Spence, H. E., Lawrence, D. J., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Mays, M. L., Opening a Window on ICME-driven GCR Modulation in the Inner Solar System, The Astrophysical Journal, 856, 139, 2018, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab098

2017 Articles

Jordan, A. P., T. J. Stubbs, J. K. Wilson, N. A. Schwadron, and H. E. Spence. (2017), The rate of dielectric breakdown weathering of lunar regolith in permanently shadowed regions, Icarus, 283, 352-358.
Quinn, P. R., Schwadron, N. A., Townsend, L. W., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Case, A. W., Spence, H. E., Wilson, J. K., and Joyce, C. J. (2017), Modeling the effectiveness of shielding in the earth-moon-mars radiation environment using PREDICCS: five solar events in 2012, Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 7, A16, doi:10.1051/swsc/2017014.
Rahmanifard, F., Schwadron, N. A., Smith, C. W., McCracken, K. G., Duderstadt, K. A., Lugaz, N., and Goelzer, M. L. (2017), Inferring the Heliospheric Magnetic Field Back through Maunder Minimum, The Astrophysical Journal, 837, 165.
Schwadron, N. A., Cooper, J. F., Desai, M., Downs, C., Gorby, M., Jordan, A. P., Joyce, C. J., Kozarev, K., Linker, J. A., Mikic, Z., Riley, P., Spence, H. E., Torok, T., Townsend, L. W., Wilson, J. K., and Zeitlin, C.(2017), Particle Radiation Sources, Propagation and Interactions in Deep Space, at Earth, the Moon, Mars, and Beyond: Examples of Radiation Interactions and Effects, Space Sci Rev 212, 1069–1106, doi:10.1007/s11214-017-0381-5.
Schwadron, N. A. and McComas, D. J. (2017), Effects of Solar Activity on the Local Interstellar Magnetic Field Observed by Voyager 1 and IBEX, The Astrophysical Journal, 849, 135, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa8fd5

2016 Articles

Clements, E. B., Carlton, A. K., Joyce, C. J., Schwadron, N. A., Spence, H. E., Sun, X., and Cahoy, K. (2016), Interplanetary space weather effects on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter avalanche photodiode performance, Space Weather, 14, 343– 350, doi:10.1002/2016SW001381.
Joyce, C. J., Schwadron, N. A., Townsend, L. W., deWet, W. C., Wilson, J. K., Spence, H. E., Tobiska, W. K., Shelton-Mur, K., Yarborough, A., Harvey, J., Herbst, A., Koske-Phillips, A., Molina, F., Omondi, S., Reid, C., Reid, D., Shultz, J., Stephenson, B., McDevitt, M. and Phillips, T. (2016), Atmospheric radiation modeling of galactic cosmic rays using LRO/CRaTER and the EMMREM model with comparisons to balloon and airline based measurements, Space Weather, 14, 659– 667, doi:10.1002/2016SW001425.
Kozarev, K. A. and Schwadron, N. A.(2016), A Data-driven Analytic Model for Proton Acceleration by Large-scale Solar Coronal Shocks, The Astrophysical Journal, 831, 120, doi:10.3847/0004-637X/831/2/120.
Lawrence, D. J., Peplowski, P. N., Feldman, W. C., Schwadron, N. A., and Spence, H. E. (2016), Galactic cosmic ray variations in the inner heliosphere from solar distances less than 0.5 AU: Measurements from the MESSENGER Neutron Spectrometer, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 121, 7398– 7406, doi:10.1002/2016JA022962.
Schwadron, N. A., Wilson, J. K., Looper, M. D., Jordan, A. P., Spence, H. E., Blake, J. B., Case, A. W., Iwata, Y., Kasper, J. C., Farrell, W. M., Lawrence, D. J., Livadiotis, G., Mazur, J., Petro, N., Pieters, C., Robinson, M. S., Smith, S., Townsend, L. W., and Zeitlin, C. (2015) Signatures of Volatiles in the Lunar Proton Albedo, Icarus, 273, 25
Winslow, R. M., Lugaz, N., Schwadron, N. A., Farrugia, C. J., Yu, W., Raines, J. M., Mays, M. L., Galvin, A. B., and Zurbuchen, T. H. (2016), Longitudinal conjunction between MESSENGER and STEREO A: Development of ICME complexity through stream interactions, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 121, 6092– 6106, doi:10.1002/2015JA022307.
Zeitlin, C., Case, A. W., Schwadron, N. A., Spence, H. E., Mazur, J. E., Joyce, C. J., Looper, M. D., Jordan, A., Rios, R. R., Townsend, L. W., et al. (2016), Solar modulation of the deep space galactic cosmic ray lineal energy spectrum measured by CRaTER, 2009–2014, Space Weather, 14, 247– 258, doi:10.1002/2015SW001314.

2015 Articles

Jordan, A. P., T. J. Stubbs, J. K. Wilson, N. A. Schwadron, and H. E. Spence (2015), Dielectric breakdown weathering of the Moon’s polar regolith J. Geophys. Res. Planets, doi: 10.1002/2014JE004710.
Jordan, A. P., T. J. Stubbs, J. K. Wilson, N.A. Schwadron, and H. E. Spence (2015), Deep dielectric charging and breakdown of lunar polar regolith, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Institute of Physics, 646, 012010
Joyce, C. J., Schwadron, N. A., Townsend, L. W., Mewaldt, R. A., Cohen, C. M. S., von Rosenvinge, T. T., Case, A. W., Spence, H. E., Wilson, J. K., Gorby, M., Quinn, M., and Zeitlin, C. J. (2015), Analysis of the potential radiation hazard of the 23 July 2012 SEP event observed by STEREO A using the EMMREM model and LRO/CRaTER, Space Weather, 13, 560– 567, doi:10.1002/2015SW001208.
Mazur, J. E., Zeitlin, C., Schwadron, N., Looper, M. D., Townsend, L. W., Blake, J. B., and Spence, H. (2015), Update on Radiation Dose From Galactic and Solar Protons at the Moon Using the LRO/CRaTER Microdosimeter, Space Weather, 13, 363– 364. doi:10.1002/2015SW001175.
Schwadron, N. A., Lee, M. A., Gorby, M., Lugaz, N., Spence, H. E., Desai, M., Torok, T., Downs, C., Linker, J., Lionello, R., Mikic, Z., Riley, P., Giacalone, J., Jokipii, J. R., Kota, J., and Kozarev, K. (2015), Broken Power-law Distributions from Low Coronal Compression Regions or Shocks, Journal of Physics Conference Series, 642, 012025
Schwadron, N. A., Lee, M. A., Gorby, M., Lugaz, N., Spence, H. E., Desai, M., Torok, T., Downs, C., Linker, J., Lionello, R., Mikic;, Z., Riley, P., Giacalone, J., Jokipii, J. R., Kota, J., and Kozarev, K. (2015) Particle Acceleration at Low Coronal Compression Regions and Shocks, The Astrophysical Journal, 810, 97
de Wet, W.C., Townsend, L.W., Xu, G., and Smith, W.J. (2015), The Standalone Package for Enhanced Estimation of Dose Distribution, Nuclear Technology, 192, 308, doi: 10.13182/NT15-21.
Winslow, R. M., Lugaz, N., Philpott, L. C., Schwadron, N. A., Farrugia, C. J., Anderson, B. J., and Smith, C. W. (2015), Interplanetary coronal mass ejections from MESSENGER orbital observations at Mercury, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 120, 6101– 6118, doi:10.1002/2015JA021200.

2014 Articles

The CRaTER Special Issue of Space Weather Publications

N. A. Schwadron,*, J. B. Blake, A. W. Case, C. J. Joyce, J. Kasper, J. Mazur, N. Petro, M. Quinn, J. A. Porter, C. W. Smith, S. Smith, H. E. Spence, L. W. Townsend, R. Turner, J. K. Wilson and C. Zeitlin: Does the worsening galactic cosmic radiation environment observed by CRaTER preclude future manned deep-space exploration. Space Weather
C. J. Joyce, N. A. Schwadron, J. K. Wilson, H. E. Spence, J. C. Kasper, M. Golightly, J. B. Blake, L. W. Townsend, A. W. Case, E. Semones, S. Smith and C. J. Zeitlin, Radiation modeling in the Earth and Mars atmospheres using LRO/CRaTER with the EMMREM Module (pages 112–119)
Jamie A. Porter, Lawrence W. Townsend, Harlan Spence, Michael Golightly, Nathan Schwadron, Justin Kasper, Anthony W. Case, John B. Blake and Cary Zeitlin, Radiation environment at the Moon: Comparisons of transport code modeling and measurements from the CRaTER instrument (pages 329–336)
N. A. Schwadron, S. Smith and H. E. Spence, The CRaTER Special Issue of Space Weather: Building the observational foundation to deduce biological effects of space radiation (pages 47–48) Space Weather, 11, 47, doi:10.1002/20026, 2013.
Case, A.W., J. C. Kasper, H. E. Spence, C. J. Zeitlin, M.D. Looper, M. J. Golightly, N. A. Schwadron, L. W. Townsend, J. E. Mazur, J. B. Blake, Y. Iwata, The Deep-space Galactic Cosmic Ray Lineal Energy Spectrum at Solar Minimum, 2013, Space Weather, doi:10.1002/swe.20051.
Looper, M.D.; Mazur, J.E.; Blake, J.B.; Spence, H.E.; Golightly, M.J.; Case, A.W.; Kasper, J.C.; Schwadron, N.A.; and Townsend, L.W.: The Radiation Environment Near the Lunar Surface: CRaTER Observations and Geant4 Simulations. Space Weather – The International Journal of Research and Applications, Vol. 11, 142-152, doi:10.1002/swe.20034, 2013.
Joyce, C.J.; Schwadron, N.A.; Wilson, J.K.; Spence, H.E.; Kasper, J.; Golightly, M.; Blake, J.B.; Mazur, J.; Townsend, L.W.; Case, T.; Semones, E.; Smith, S.; and Zeitlin, C.J.: Validation of PREDICCS Using CRaTER/LRO Observations During Three Major Solar Events in 2012 using CRaTER and the EMMREM Model. Space Weather, The International Journal of Research and Applications, Vol. 11, pp. 1-11, doi:10.1002/swe.20059, 2013.
Zeitlin, C.; Case, A. W.; Spence, H.E.; Schwadron, N.A.; Golightly, M.; Wilson, J.K.; Kasper, J.C.; Blake, J.D.; Looper, M.D.; Mazur, J.E.; and Townsend, L.W.: Measurements of Galactic Cosmic Ray Shielding with the CRaTER Instrument. Space Weather, The International Journal of Research and Applications, Vol. 11, pp. 284-296, doi:10.1002/swe.20043, 2013.
Spence, H. E., Golightly, M. J., Joyce, C. J., Looper, M. D., Schwadron, N. A., Smith, S. S., Townsend, L. W., Wilson, J., and Zeitlin, C., Relative contributions of galactic cosmic rays and lunar proton "albedo" to dose and dose rates near the Moon, Space Weather, 11, 643, 2013.
Schwadron, N., Bancroft, C., Bloser, P., Legere, J., Ryan, J., Smith, S., Spence, H., Mazur, J., and Zeitlin, C., Dose spectra from energetic particles and neutrons, Space Weather, 11, 547, 2013.

Townsend, L.W.; Adamczyk, A.M.; Werneth, C.M.; Moussa, H.; and Townsend, J.P.: Estimates of Extreme Solar Particle Event Radiation Exposures on Mars. Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology
Porter, J. A., L.W. Townsend, H. Spence, M. Golightly, and N. Schwadron, J.Kasper and T. Case, J. B. Blake and J. Mazur, Analyses of Primary and Secondary Ion Contributions to LET Spectra for the CRaTER Instrument on LRO, (in Press)
Looper, M. D., et al., Heavy Ion Physics in GEANT4
Schwadron, M. J., et al., Radiation History
Stubbs, T., et al., Apollo era radiation environment
Wilson, J. K., et al., Revised Albedo Proton Map of the Moon

2013

Townsend, L.W.; Anderson, J.A.; Adamczyk, A.M., and Werneth, C.M.: Estimates of Carrington-Class Solar Particle Event Radiation Exposures as a Function of Altitude in the Atmosphere of Mars. Acta Astronautica, Vol. 89, pp. 189-194, 2013.
A. P. Jordan, T. J. Stubbs, C. J. Joyce, N. A. Schwadron, H. E. Spence, and J. K. Wilson, The formation of molecular hydrogen from water ice in the lunar regolith by energetic charged particles, Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, doi: 10.1002/jgre.20095, (2013).
M. D. Looper, J. B. Blake, J. E. Mazur, H. E. Spence, N. A. Schwadron and M. J. Golightly, A. W. Case, J. C. Kasper, L. W. Townsend, Characterizing the Moon's radiation environment, Space Weather, doi: 10.1002/swe.20034, (2013).

2012

Schwadron, N.A.; Baker, T.; Blake, B.; Case, A.W.; Cooper, J.F.; Golightly, M.; Jordan, A.; Joyce, C.; Kasper, J.; Mislinski, J.; Mazur, J.; Posner, A.; Rother, O.; Smith, S.; Spence, H.E.; Townsend, L.W.; Wilson, J.; and Zeitlin, C.: Lunar Radiation Environment and Space Weathering from the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER). Journal of Geophysical Research, Planets, Vol. 117, E00H13, March 2012, doi: 10.1029/2011JE003978.
Schwadron, N. A., Near-real-time Situational Awareness of Space Radiation Hazards, doi:10.1029/2012SW000860, 10, Oct., 2012
Wilson, J.K.; Spence, H.E.; Kasper, J.; Golightly, M.; Blake, J.B.; Mazur, J.E.; Townsend, L.W.; Case, A.W.; Looper, M.D.; Zeitlin, C.; and Schwadron, N.A.: The First Cosmic Ray Albedo Proton Map of the Moon. Journal of Geophysical Research, Planets, Vol. 117, E00H23, June 2012, doi: 10. 1029/2011JE003921.

2011

Anderson, J.A.; Charara, Y.M.; Townsend, L.W.; LET estimate improvements for the CRaTER instrument using HETC-HEDS, Aerospace Conference, 2011 IEEE , vol., no., pp.1-7, 5-12 March 2011.
Mazur, J. E., W. R. Crain, M. D. Looper, D. J. Mabry, J. B. Blake, A. W. Case, M. J. Golightly, J. C. Kasper, and H. E. Spence, New Measurements of Total Ionizing Dose in the Lunar Environment, Space Weather 9, S07002, doi: 10.1029/2010SW000641 (2011).
Townsend, L.W.; PourArsalan, M.; Cucinotta, F.A.; Kim, M.Y.; and Schwadron, N.A.: Transmission of Galactic Cosmic Rays Through Mars Atmosphere. Space Weather, The International Journal of Research and Applications, Vol. 9, S00E11, June 2011, doi:10.1029/2009SW000564.
PourArsalan, M.; Townsend, L. W.; Schwadron, N. A.; Kozarev, K.; Dayeh, M. A.; and Desai, M. I.: Estimates of Skin and BFO Exposures for Human Crews in Deep Space from the 15 January 2005 Solar Energetic Particle Event Using the Earth-Moon-Mars Radiation Environment Module. Nuclear Technology, Vol. 175, No. 1, July 2011, pp. 202 – 209.
Townsend, L.W.; PourArsalan, M.P.; Hall, M.I.; Anderson, J.A.; Bhatt, S.; DeLauder, N.P.; and Adamczyk, A.M.: Estimates of Carrington-Class Solar Particle Event Radiation Exposures on Mars. Acta Astronautica, Vol. 69, Nos. 7-8, Sep-Oct 2011, pp. 397-405 doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.05.020.
Schwadron, N. A., H. E. Spence and R. Came, Does the space environment affect the ecosphere, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 92, p. 297-298, doi:10.1029/2011EO360001, Sept. 2011.

2010

Zhou, D., E. Semones, S. Guetersloh, N. Zapp, M. Weyland, and E.R. Benton, The experimental and simulated LET spectrum and charge spectrum from CR-39 detectors exposed to irons near CRaTER at BNL, Radiation Measurements, 45, 916-922, 2010.
Townsend, L.W., Y.M. Charara, N. Delauder, M. PourArsalan, J. A. Anderson, C.M. Fishers, H. E Spence, N. A. Schwadron, M. J. Golightly, and F. A. Cucinotta, Parameterizations of the linear energy transfer spectrum for the CRaTER instrument during the LRO mission, Space Weather, 8, 10.1029/2009SW000526,2010.
Spence, H. E., et al., Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation on the LRO Mission, Space Sci. Rev., 150(1-4), 243-284, 2010.
Townsend, L.w., H. M. Moussa, and Y. M. Charara, Monte Carlo simulations of energy losses by space protons in the CRaTER detector, Acta Astronautica, Volume 66, Issues 5-6, March-April 2010, Pages 643-647, ISSN 0094-5765, DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.08.007.
Schwadron, N. A. , L. Townsend, K. Kozarev, M. A. Dayeh, F. Cucinotta, M. Desia, M. Golightly, D. Hassler, R. Hatcher, M. Y. Kim, A. Posner, M. PourArsalan, H. E. Spence, and R. K. Squier, Earth-Moon-Mars Radiation Environment Module framework, Space Weather, 8, 10.1029/2009SW000523, 2010.
Schwadron, N. A., A. J. Boyd, K. Kozarev, M. Golightly, H. Spence, L. W. Townsend, M. Owens, Galactic Cosmic Ray Radiation Hazard in the Unusual Extended Solar Minimum between Solar Cycle 23 and 24, Space Weather Journal 10.1029/2010SW000567, 2010.
Case, A., H. E. Spence, M. J. Golightly, J. C. Kasper, J. Blake, J. Mazur, L. Townsend, and C. Zeitlin, GCR Access to the Moon as Measured by the CRaTER Instrument on LRO, Geophys. Rev. Lett., 10.1029/2010GL045118, 2010.
Anderson, J.A.; Charara, Y.M.; Townsend, L.W.; , Linear Energy Transfer estimates for the CRaTER instrument on LRO, Aerospace Conference, 2010 IEEE , vol., no., pp.1-10, 6-13 March 2010
N.A. Schwadron, L. Townsend, K. Kozarev, M.A. Dayeh, F. Cucinotta, M. Desai, M. Golightly, D. Hassler, R. Hatcher, M.-Y. Kim, A. Posner, M. PourArsalan, H.E. Spence, and R.K. Squier, Earth-Moon-Mars Radiation Environment Module framework, Space Weather, vol. 8, S00E02, doi:10.1029/2009SW000523, (2010).
H.E. Spence, A.W. Case, M.J. Golightly, T. Heine, B.A. Larsen, J.B. Blake, P. Caranza, W.R. Crain, J. George, M. Lalic, A. Lin, M.D. Looper, J.E. Mazur, D. Salvaggio, J.C. Kasper, T.J. Stubbs, M. Doucette, P. Ford, R. Foster, R. Goeke, D. Gordon, B. Klatt, J. O'Connor, M. Smith, T. Onsager, C. Zeitlin, L.W. Townsend, and Y. Charara, CRaTER: The Cosmc Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation Experiment on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission, Space Science Reviews: Astronomy, Astrophysics & Space Science, Springer Netherlands, ISSN 1572-9672, doi:10.1007/s11214-009-9584-8, (2010).
Leena Al-Sulaiti, David Shipley, Russel THomas, Andrzej Kacperek, Patrick Regan, and Hugo Palmans, Water equivalence of various materials for clinical proton dosimetry by experiment and Monte Carlo simulation, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, Elsevier, ISSN 0168-9002, doi:10.1016/j.nima.2010.01.026, (2010).

2009

Huang, C.-L., H. E. Spence, and B. T. Kress, Assessing Access of Galactic Cosmic Rays at Moon's Orbit, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, 10.1029/2009GL037916 , 2009.
Jordan, A. P., H. E. Spence, J. Blake, T. Mulligan, D. Shaul, and M. Galametz, Multipoint, High Time Resolution Galactic Cosmic Ray Observations Associated With Two Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections, J. Geophys. Res., 114, 10.1029/2008JA013891, 2009.
C.-L. Huang, H.E. Spence, and B.T. Kress, Assessing access of galactic cosmic rays at Moon's orbit, Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 36, L09109, doi:10.1029/2009GL037916, (2009).

2008

Case, A. W., H. E. Spence, M. J. Owens, P. Riley, and D. Odstrcil, The Ambient Solar Wind's Effect on ICME Transit Times, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, 15, L15105, 2008.

2007

Chin, G., S. Brylow, M. Foote, J. Garvin, J. Kasper, J. Keller, M. Litvak, I. Mitrofanov, D. Paige, K. Raney, M. Robinson, A. Sanin, D. Smith, H. Spence, P. Spudis, S. A. Stern, M. Zuber, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Overview: The Instrument Suite and Mission, Space Sci. Rev., Volume 129, Number 4, pp. 391-419, 2007.
Charara, Y.; Townsend, L.; Moussa, H.; Hatcher, R.; Dudney, C.; McKee, S.; McKinnis, P.; Ottinger, K.; , Calculated Energy Loss Spectra in the CRaTER Detector for Selected Cosmic Ray Ions, Aerospace Conference, 2007 IEEE , vol., no., pp.1-12, 3-10 March 2007.
Famer, C. A., Y. Charara, L. Townsend, LET Spectra of Iron Particles on A-150: Model Predictions for the CRaTER Detector, SAE International Conference On Environmental Systems, July 2007, DOI: 10.4271/2007-01-3113.

2006

Townsend, L.W.; Moussa, H.M.; Charara, Y.; , Characterization of the lunar radiation environment using the CRaTER detector, Aerospace Conference, 2006 IEEE , vol., no., pp.10 pp., 0-0 0, doi: 10.1109/AERO.2006.1655759.
Shea, M. A., Smart, D. F., McCracken, K. G., Dreschhoff, G. A. M., and Spence, H. E., Solar proton events for 450 years: The Carrington event in perspective, Advances in Space Research, 38, 232, 2006.

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